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On the evolutionary origin of Neotropical cavefish Ancistrus cryptophthalmus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) based on the mitogenome and genetic structure of cave and surface populations

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Abstract

The evolutionary process of adaptation to the cave environment leads to extreme genetic, morphological, and physiological modifications commonly known as stygomorphism. The cave-dwelling armored catfish Ancistrus cryptophthalmus is a good model to understand the evolutionary processes of stygomorphism in the Neotropics as its ecology and morphology have been studied in detail. Interestingly, it has been found a non-stygomorphic epigean population named Ancistrus sp. This population is morphologically distinct to the hypogean population of A. cryptophthalmus as they present better-developed ocular structures and intense pigmentation. Here we used Illumina sequencing technology to produce partial genome sequences for specimens of Ancistrus sp. and A. cryptophthalmus; we also genotyped molecular markers from individuals of both species. Based on the high level of mitogenome similarity and metapopulation connectivity between the surface and cave populations, we suggest that the evolution of stygomorphisms observed in A. cryptophthalmus may be the result of morphologic modification, by natural selection, of Ancistrus sp. surface population to colonize the harsh cave environment.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank V. Perini for initial developments on the mitogenome assembly, Dr. Jonathan Armbruster, and an anonymous reviewer for their suggestions on our manuscript. The present study was funded by Brazilian funding agencies Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (E-26/202.780/2018), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (FIP PUC Minas), and CNPq fellowship (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; DCC: fellowship Grant 306155/2018-4; RLF: fellowship Grant 308334/2018-3).

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Author notes

  1. Alex Schomaker-Bastos: In memoriam (08/01/2015).

  2. Izabela Santos Mendes and Francisco Prosdocimi have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Conservation Genetics Lab, Postgraduate Programn in Vertebrate Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Izabela Santos Mendes & Daniel Cardoso Carvalho

  2. Laboratório de Genômica e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Francisco Prosdocimi & Alex Schomaker-Bastos

  3. Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Carolina Furtado

  4. Center of Studies on Subterranean Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira

  5. Fish Ecology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Paulo Santos Pompeu

  6. Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Izabela Santos Mendes & Daniel Cardoso Carvalho

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  1. Izabela Santos Mendes
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  2. Francisco Prosdocimi
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Correspondence to Daniel Cardoso Carvalho.

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Mendes, I.S., Prosdocimi, F., Schomaker-Bastos, A. et al. On the evolutionary origin of Neotropical cavefish Ancistrus cryptophthalmus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) based on the mitogenome and genetic structure of cave and surface populations. Hydrobiologia 842, 157–171 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04033-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04033-y

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